Problem #1 - Internet Timeline Quiz
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1. ARPANET, NSFNET, PERL, InterNIC
2. The USSR's launch of Sputnik
3. Telenet
4. Mosaic
5. Vinton Cerf
Problem #2 - My Hotmail address is
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1. ID Name : h3xad3cimal42
2. Password : XXXXXX {Do not record your password here}
Problem #3 - My AOL IM name is
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1. IM Name : h3xad3cimal42
2. Password : XXXXXX {Do not record your password here}
Problem #4 - Learn to prune roses at
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1. How and When to Prune Roses
Problem #5 - Today's horoscope is at
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1. Today's Horoscope
Problem #6 - Today's history is at
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1. Today in History
Problem #7 - WS_FTP can be downloaded from
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1. WS_FTP Download
Problem #8 - Learn More About WS_FTP at
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1. WS_FTP Tutorial
Problem #9 - Acrobat can be downloaded from
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1. Using FTP Client went to ftp.yodasvault.com under the pub directory the file "AdbeRdr60_enu_full.exe" is in that folder
Problem #10 - Acquire free Web space
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1. ID Name : h3xad3cimal42
2. Password : XXXXXX {Do not record your password here}
Problem #11 - My free Web site is at
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1. My Free Web Site
Homework: 4 URLs and interesting facts
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1a. URL = http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_backbone
1b. Fact = the internet functions with no single network at all
2a. URL = http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/E/extranet.html
2b. Fact = an extranet provides various levels of sccessibility
3a. URL = http://www.w3schools.com/xml/default.asp
3b. Fact = disigned to carry data not to display data
4a. URL = http://2wire.com/bandwidth/results.php?kbps=1439.6&downloadtime=14.469&KB=2542.625&recorded=1
4b. Connection Speed = 1.41 Mbps
4c. URL = http://bandwidthplace.com/
4d. Connection Speed = 532.89 kilobits per second
**************** OTHER CLASS NOTES *******************
The Internet was originally called ARPANET: HAd only 4 connections
In 30 years has grown to over 109 million in 230 countries
INTRANET(private internet) collection of internal systemsn based on internet to connect a group or company
Protocol-the method computers use to communicate across a network
PACKET-standardized unit of data consists of a header(identifys info) and a body(contains the data)
Before a file is sent it must be broken down each packet is #d within the packet header so it can be reassembled at its destination
DATA ROUTING-determines a path to send packets to their destination (thats why they are #d cause they all dont take the same path
IP - internet protocol-fragment data into packets, route the packets across the Internet and reassemble the packets at the destination.
TCP-Transmission Control Protocol- verifies everything was recieved
TCP/IP is not a single protocol but an entire family of related protocols
Version 4 the current IP address stucture- in a few years will run out of ip address's
Version 6 - will help fulfill future demands on address space, as well as addressing other features such as privacy, encryption, and better support of mobile computing.
DOmAIN name - convinience to users - mapped to the address
MOST COMMON INTERNET LANGUAGES
HTML/XHTML - the simpliest language
JAVA - object-oriented programming - no language has stronger browser support
JAVA APPLETS- browser-compatinle executables
JavaScript- browser-compatible scripting language - source code lives inside the html
CSS-Cascading Style Sheets-are used to define how to display HTML- you can control color, size, position, and many other characteristics of nearly every tag in html
you can be much more creative and not be limited by HTM lpresentation tools
CGI - Common Gateway Interface - webs server-scripting standard, connects scripts to web servers
EX:
PERL-Practical Extraction and Reporting Language
C/C++ and Visual BAsic
ASP - Active Server Pages - is similar to CGI, put out by Microsoft- used to create dynamic and interactive pages. An ASP page is embedded within the HTML page itself- the page will have an .asp extension
The server executes the ASP instructions first, then builds the page to include any ASP-generated info(written in VBScript)
ColdFusion- a server side application from Macromedia for making databases accesible to the internet, can handle high-level programming demands(extension .cfm of .cfml
PHP - PreHypertext Processor-is a server side scripting language for creating dynamic Web pages.
Combination of PHP and HTML (.php extension) open source cross platform
DHTML(Dynamic HTML) used to describe the combination of HTML, style sheets and scripts that allow documents to be animated.
uSIN GGTHIS TECHNOLOGY allows a designer to manipulate the style, layout, and contents of the web page in response to user input
1837 Samuel Morse invents the Telegraph
1858 to carry instantaneous communications across the ocean - only lasted a few days
1866 Trans Atlantic Cable a success lasteed 100 years
Atlantic Cable Buoys - used to mark location of cables - the largest could carry 20 tons
1876 Alexander Graham Bell Invents the Telephone - the backbone of the internet - phone system adapted the first data networks
1945 - Concept of HyperText Concieved - Vannevar Bush - electrical engineer @MIT(proposed MEMEX)
Users could create information trails, links of related texts and illustrations, which could be stored for future reference
1957-Sputnik Launches ARPA - USSR launched Sputnik(first artificial Earth Stellite)
Eisenhower created the Advanced Research Projects Agency within Department of Defense to establish a US lead in science and technology applicable to the military
Sputnik 1 launched OCt 4 1957 first artificial sattelite to sccussfully orbit the earth
2 feet across weighing 184lbs - 6 months before falling to earth, its rocket booster weighed 4 tons also reached orbit and was easily visible from the ground
1960 - Ted H Nelson coins "hypertext" and "hypermedia"
DEFINED hypertext " a body of written or pictorial material interconnected in [such] a complex way that it could not be conveniently represented on paper.
the principle of is to associate info through "links" into a coherent organization
1961- Leonard Kleinrock of MIT- wrote "Information Flow in Large Communication Nets."
the first paper on packet-switching(PS) theory, the foundation of how all data is packaged on the INternet today
1964- RAND corporation - sought to design a communications network that could link cities, states, and military bases and withstand an atomic bomb
Paul Baran put forth a proposal "On Distibuted Communication Netwotks" no central authority and was designed to be more fail proof
1967 - NPL tests 1st Packet Switching Network
ARPA renamed to DARPA sponsored by Department of Defense
NPL(National Physical Laboratory) in England created the NPLto experiment packet switching using 768Kbps(Kilobits) lines
LATER in 1967 the first meeting of three indi-packet network teams(RAND, NPL, ARPA)
1968 - ARPANET is Propsed and Contracted Out
DARPA sent out a Request for Proposals for the network project ARPANET
=UCLA to create Network Measurement Center
=Bolt, Beranek and Newman, Inc(BBN) to build Interface Message Processors
=Network Working Group(NWG) to develop protocols to communicate over ARPANET
1969 - 50Kbps ARPANET is tested with 4 Nodes
Connected 4 universities using Network Control Protocol(NCP) to transfer data.
allowed communication between hosts running on the same network.
Charley Kline sent the first packet at UCLA resulting in the system crashing as the letter G of LOGIN was entered
1971 - Ray Tomlinson(BBN) Creates email Backbone:5Kbps ARPANET, Hosts:23
used intra-machine email program(SENDMSG) and an experimental file transfer program(CPYNET)
1972 - ARPANET is Publicly Demonstrated
Ray Tomlinson modified his email program for ARPANET and it became an instant hot
The Telnet specification was defined
1st demonstration held in basement of Washington Hilton Hotel
The demonstration allowed the public to come in an use the ARPANET running application all over the U.S.
1973 - International ARPANET Connections/Ethernet Is created
ARPA showed that email accounted for 75% of all traffic by 2,000 users.
1st international connection b'tween University College of London and Norways Royal Radar Establishment signed on.
The File Transfer specification was defined for transporting files
Bob Metcalfe's Harvard Ph.D Thesis outlined the idea for Ethernet-1st tested on Xerox PARC's Alto computers
The first Ethernet network called the Alto Aloha System
Metcalfe later formed one of the largest networking companies in the world, 3COM(computer, communication, compatibility)
1975 - The First Mailing List Is Started
In 1974, the term Internet was first used by Vinton Cerf and Bob Khan in a paper on Transmission Control Protocol.
1974 when BBN developed a commercial version ARPANET called Telenet
Telenet-it was the first commercially available packet-switching netowrk used by(Compuserve and GEnie)
1976 - UUCP Copt Protocol Is Created
UUCP(unix-to-Unix CoPy) was developed at AT&T Bell LAbs and distibuted with the UNIX operating system one year later.
Elizabeth II, Queen of th UK, sent out the first royal email
1979- Usenet Newsgroups Created / BITNET Created
Usenet, a decentralized news group network, was created by Steve Bellovin. Based on UUCP.
The creation of BITNET "beacause its Time Network" by IBM introduced "store and forward" network. Used for email and listservs
1981 - NSF Creates The 56 Kbps CSNET
NAtional Science Foundation created a backbone called CSNET 56 Kbps for institution without access to ARPANET
Vinton Cerf proposed a plan for an inter-network connection between CSNET and the ARPANET
1983 - The Internet to TCP/IP
On January 1st, every machine connected to ARPANET had to switch from the Network Control Protocol to the Transmission Control Protocal TCP/IP
By TCP/IP replacin gNCP entirely the foundation of the internet was created
Steve Case founded American Online
1984 - NSF propses the 1.544(T1) Mbps NSFNET / DNS created HOSTS:1024
Upgrade to CSNET was contracted to MCI the new lines are 25 times faster than 56 Kbps
The neew network was to be called NSFNET(National Science Foundation Network) and the old lines would continue to be called CSNET
DNS(Domian Named Server) introduced - Using the name server, users were no longer required to know the exact path to other systems
1985 - NSF Deploys the 1.544 Mbps(T1) NSFNET
A number of agreements were in place to connect networks, suck as the acadmeic CSnet (Computer Science Network), to the ARPANET.
To increase the net, the NAtional Science Foundation began deploying its new T1 lines, which would finish by 1988.
1986 - Larry Wall developed PERL- while working @ Unisys
PERL- programming language optimized for text processing and availbale as freeware
PERL - later became popluar for building WWW server-side scripts
PERL - " Practicak Extraction and Report Language"
1988 - NSF Upgrade NSFNET To 45 Mbps (T3) Hosts:28,174
The T1 NSFNET backbone was completed - traffic increased so quickly - they bgean upgrading the netwotk again
A high-speed network using T3, a 45 Mbps line, adopted by NSF and completed at the end of 1991
IANA - Internet Assigned Numbers Authority to hand out network addresses. Created by Jonathan B. Postel(creator of the internet address system.
1990 - ARPANET Terminated / MP3 Is Born Hosts 313,000
While T3 lines were being constructed, the Department of Defense disbanded the ARPANET and it was replaced by the NSFNET
The original 50Kbps line ARPANET were taken out of service
MP3 born MPEG(Moving Pictures Experts Group with German company Fraunhofer-Gesellshaft implements MP3 audio compression.
Different amounts of compression were represented by "layer" algorithms where the best quality was a compression ratio 1:4 known as Layer 1
The most efficient ratio was Layer 3m compressing sound 1:12, or reducing the size of 12 times of the original CD standard known as MPEG Layer 3 , or MP3
1991 - The CSNET (56Kbps lines) fullfilled its role. It was discontinued and sold off to private business.
1992 - Tim Berners - Lee Creartes the WWW Hosts 1,136,000
Internet Society was Chartered. Tim Berners - Lee publishing a paper proposing a "worlf wide web" released by CERN
Jean Armour Polly coined the phrase "surfing the internet"
Web Sites showed up on the internet for the first time
1993 - NSF Creates InterNic / Mosaic is Created --- Hosts 2,056,000 WebHosts:623
InterNIC created by NSF to provide specific Internet services
DIRECTORY AND DATABASE sERVICES (BY AT&T)
REGISTRATION SERVICES (BY Network Solutions Inc.)
INFORMATION SERVICES (BY Atomics/CERFnet)
Marc Andreeseen and NCSA and the University of Illinois developed a GUI to the WWW called "Mosaic" the first web browser
The growth rate of the Internet was 341%
1994 - NSF Upgrades / Pizza Hut / Gore / Yahoo
In 1994 NFS installed an ATM(Asynchronous Transmission Mode, 145Mbps) backbone NSFNET
PIZZA HUT - offers first online pizza service on 08/22/1994. You can submit a form and they would call you back to verify
AL GORE - coined the term "Information Superhighway" Headed Clintons Administrations effort to build a national information highway
YAHOO - the first Inernet search engine, was created in 04/1994 by David Filo and Jerry Yang @ Stanford University where Yahoo itself first resided on Yang's student workstation.
YAHOO provides 167 million search results per day.
1995 - Domain Fee / Netscape / eBay / Amazon / RealAudio -- Hosts:8,200,000 WebHosts: 23,500
In 1995, a $50 annual fee was imposed on domains, excluding .edu domains & .gov domains
NFS contracted out to 4 companies that would provide access to the NSF Backbone for a fee
Netscape- creator of Mosaic founded his own company, Mosaic Communications Corporation, took a 70% market share of the browser market overnight
eBay - Summer 1995 Pierre Omidyar on wife's request for fellow traders(hers was PEZ) later wrot ethe code for waht becane eBay Domain was registered in 08.1995
AMAZON- Launched in Seattle by Jefferey Bezos, first online bookstore and worlds largest online only retailer.
REALAUDIO- Rob Glaser released streaming audio followed by RealVideo, RealPlayer
1996 - INTERNET EXPLORER/JAVA/FLASH Hosts:16,729,000 WebHosts:603,367
IE- Released by Microsoft for free based on the huge potential of the internet
JAVA- 1996 also saw the introduction of Sun Microsystems Java programming language. Emerged as the hottest way to extend the browser functionality for the WWW
FLASH - In 12.1996 FutureWave Software was sold Macromedia and FutureSplash Animator became Macromedia Flash 1.0 Flash synonymous with animation on th Internet
1997 - 1997 - Winamp / business.com / Blog HOSTS:26,053,000 WebHosts:1,681,868
WINAMP - 1st popular MP3 player. Developed by College drop-out Justin Frankel in Sedona, AZ.
business.com- originally registered for $50 in 1995 sold for $150,00 in 1997 the for $7.5 million in 1999
BLOG- term "weblog" coined by Jorn Barger in 12.1997 while BLOG was coined Peter Merholz in 1999
1998 - Postage / PayPal / NetFlix /Google
POSTAGE- USPS allows stamps to be purchased and downloadded for printing. US propsed a plan to privatize DNS which would end Network Solutions domain registry monopoly
PAYPAL - 12.1998 by Peter Theil and Max Levchin monetary funds trading for a fee
NetFlix - first online movie rentals @ $4 to rent + $2 postage in 1999 it went Subscription
GOOGLE -Co-founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin, brought Google to life in September 1998 answering roughly 10,000 search queries a day. By 1999 it was handling 500,000 queries per day, and by 2000 it was up to 100 million queries a day. Currently Google indexes over 4.28 billion web pages and provides over 250 million search results per day.
1999 - Internet 2 / Napster / Domain Sales HOSTS 56,218,000 WEBHOSTS:9,560,866
Internet 2 (exceeding 8GBps) MCI/Worldcom, the vBNS provider for NSF, began upgrading the US backbone to 2.5GBps The world feared the unknown Y2K effects on the Internet, which never materialized. Computers were free with a 3-year network service agreement.
NAPSTER mid 1999 Northeastern University dropout Shawn Fanning(his nickname was "Napster" for nappy hair) first peer to peer filesharing platform within a year Napster would upend music's business model
1999 Domain Name Purchases -
Business.com - $7.5 million express.com - $2 million
wine.com - $3.3 million MarketingToday.com - $1.5 million
AltaVista.com - $3.25 million WallStreet.com - $1.03 million
autos.com - $2.2 million Rock.com - $1 million
coupons.com - $2.2 million drugs.com - $824,000
2000 - Web Attacks / Internet Appliances / COPPA HOSTS:93,047,785 WebHosts:25,675,581
Web Attacks - Massive DoS(denial of service) was launched against major web sites (Yahoo, Amazon, and eBay)
Domain Hijacking in 05/06.2000 including internet.com, bali.com, and web.net
Internet Appliances - Handheld devices used for news, sports, stocks etc. IE: Palm Pilot
COPPA(Children's Online Privacy Protection Act- 04/21/2000 applies to commercial sites and online servicesthat collect information and could be used by children under the age of 13.
2001 - New TLDs / Music Crunch / Tech Stock Blues -- Hosts:125,888,197 WebHosts:36,276,252
New TLDs(Top LEvel Domains) ICANN selected .aero, .biz, .coop, .info, .museum, .name, .pro
Music Crunch - Napster must remain offline until it can prevent transmission of copyrighted material, smae with internet radio dealing with royalty disputes
2002 - eBay and Paypal Merge / Amazon Grows
2003 - SQL Slammer Worm / RIAA Sues Hosts:171,638,297 WebHosts:45,980,112
SQL Slammer Worm - The SQL Slammer worm causes one of the largest and fastest spreading DoS (Denial of Service) attacks ever. Taking roughly 10 minutes to spread worldwide, the worm took down 5 of the 13 DNS root servers along with tens of thousands of other servers, and impacted a multitude of systems ranging from (bank) ATM systems to air traffic control to emergency (911) systems.
RIAA Sues - RIAA(Recording Industry Association of America) sues 261 individuals for distributing mp3s over peer - to -peer networks
2004 - Blogging / Firefox / Internet Speed
Blogs - Blogs have been around since 1997 in 2004 the role of blogs became mainstream political consultants. Webster's Dictionary declared 'blog' as the word of the year in 2004.
Firefox 1.0 Internet browser realeased 09.2004 - Over 25 Million downloads in 99 days 10/2005 had its millionth download 344 days after release
Internet Speed - record speed broken, T110 delivered sustained 7.57 Gbps running 1500-byte Ethernet packets over a single TCP connection across an 11,490 mile. Enough Speed to transfer a full-length DVD anywhere in the world in less than 5 seconds
2005 - TiVo Internet Access / VOIP Soars Hosts:353,284,187 WebHosts:74,353,258
Tivo- starts a peer to peer of recorded shows
VOIP(Voice Over IP) Offers free calls and less than half monthly charge for unlimited calling
2006 - Web 2.0 / Standards Awareness Hosts:439,286,364 WebHosts:105,244,649
Web 2.0 - web applications that are expected to replace desktop applications for many purposes, needs no page reloads, cleaner and easier to use
Standards Awareness - awareness of Web standards with more and more Web Professionals looking to meet XHTML/CSS Standards and ensure web sites meet Accessibility requirements.
Ex: MySpace, Calander Services, Wikipedia
LAN - collection of computers and other network devices that are connected together to a form a network contained in a single physical site connect on a common network backbone, central connecting device known as the "hub"
Routers- a device that connects local area networks together. A router can have two ports for connecting two networks together or have multiple ports to connect multiple networks together
Internet Backbone Connectivity - Network Communities are connected to the Internet using routers as well.
Router to router connections in the Internet that make up the Internet backbone itself.
T1 & T3 Connections - T1(1.45Mbps) T3(45Mbps) T1 is $800-$1600 a month. Mainly used for dedicated line access to the internet for business ISPs connecting to the backbone
An ISP purchases T1 and shares the expense of their Internet connections across their subscribers. Offering an array of home use services.
Slip/PPP
Serial Line Internet Protocol(SLIP) is a serial packet protocol used to connect a remote computer to an ISP. Rarely used aince PPP
Point-to-Point-Protocol(PPP) an advanced serial packet protocol performing the same tasks as SLIP,PPP now the Internet standard, has extra features such as error detection and IP address negotiation
DSL - Digital Subscriber Line bringhs high bandwidth info to homes/small business overy ordinary copper telephone lines.
ADSL(Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) SDSL(Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line) are two main types of DSL.
If you are close enough to a telephone company central office offering DSL may recive data rates up to 6.1 Mbps
Commercial Online Services - network communities such as AOL and Compuserve. Originally they did not access th internet but only their private services.
They no provide access to the Internet. The advantage to these ervices theey are easy to get running and easy to use.
Phone Modems - Standard Phone Line with connections speeds up to 56 Kbps.
Assigns you an IP address upon accepting your call.
Dial Up Providers - Choosing by fast modem connections with excellent Tech Support
Buying a Modem - Choose by Performance and reliability
Modem Speed - depends on your phone companies lines but more so on the vendor
3Com estimates 5% of Us lines are not 56k yet 30-40% of 56k modem owners arent getting 56k connects.
ISDN - "Integrated Services Digital Network," achieves connection speeds up to 128Kbps connection
Because modems have have to translate digital to analog and vise versa to send ISDN is digital/same as computers it leads to a faster connection
Cable Modems - enable data connections up to 10 Mbps. Can send 2 Mbps but recieve data at 10 Mbps
Dont tie up phone lines, and dont have to connect everytime its a continuous connection
ASDL Modem/Router - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line- modem technology uses existing twisted-pair tele-lines and converts them to access paths for data communications and multimedia
Satellite Connection - where upstream and downstream are sent from and arrive at a computer through a satellite.
A Dish , Transmitter.reciever) that operates in the microwave portion of the radio spectrum.
Direct Connection
Used by large companies, educational facilities and all universities. Often they will use Ethernet connections locally becuase it is 100Mbps
Ethernet is limited to LAN's because it cannot exceed 1000 meters in length
SMTP (Simple MAil Transfer Protocol) used to send email
POP3 (Post Office Protocol, Version 3) a way to download your email from a remote mail server
Remote POP3 email - A temporary copy of your email leaving the original email on the server
IMAP - Internet Messaging Access Protocol, Version 4 allows a user to use email online without a local copy it lives and dies on the server
MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) - is the method that email applications use to send files back and forth
Was first created to send images but was adapted to audio and video
Listserv (List Server) is a method that automatically distributes email to names on mailing lists
Requests to subscribe and unsubscribe are sent to a special address that adds and removes names
IE6 P3P(Platform for Privacy Preferences) intended to help boost privacy in development bt the W3c(world Wide Web Consortium)
Java was once a download plugin but is now included in newer versions of browsers
Cookie- is asmll text file stored on a machine by the browser and contains information about your current Web session. Like a live update and memory bank.
Cannot search your hard drive revealed _ LOOK MORE INTO COOKIES
Search Engines - sends out a "spider", called an indexer, then reads these documents then indexes -
Each search engines uses a proprietary algorithms
DIRECTORIES - created by humans not as scientific, more of categoried directory.
FTP- You7 can access ftp directories through a browser using ftp inplace of http
ASCII - informatted files, also called text files which can be opened in notepad
ASCII files must be transfered into ASCII mode to transfer correctly.
Files types include .txt, .htm, .html
BINARY - Binary files are executable programs, documents, pictures, sounds, multimedia, zip files, or any other non text file
File types include - .jpg, .gif, .avi, .mpg, .mp3 and many others
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